The OSI Networking Model
Most modern networking, including the Internet, is done via a system known as the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). This name refers to a combination of the two most common protocols, or methods of communication, that adhere to a structured “stack” of protocol layers known as the Open Software Interconnect (OSI) model. OSI dictates how computers and networking components can be broken down into a number of conceptual layers so that data can be exchanged between them.
There are seven layers in the typical OSI model, ranging from the application layers at the top (where they interact with you, the user) all the way down to the data link and physical layers at the bottom (where the specialized hardware, ...
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