Industry Challenges to xDSL
In addition to technical problems, certain industry issues must be addressed before widespread rollout.
Repeating the ISDN Experience
Cable competitors are betting that telcos cannot provide and distribute xDSL services any better than they did ISDN. Given the still lengthy and confusing provisioning process for ISDN, this would seem to be a good bet given the performance of telcos in the United States. Several significant issues must be overcome, such as provisioning, end-to-end protocol architecture, numbering plans, capacity planning, and workforce education.
Regulatory Issues
In the United States, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 required the local telephone companies to unbundle the local loop. This
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