Chapter 2

Electronic Devices

How They Operate and Are Fabricated

Abstract

Books on reliability ideally focus on issues related to component and device failure within the context of how they are intended to function. Because it is often not necessary to know about the latter to address the former, these two bodies of knowledge and expertise often remain separate concerns. This is especially so because most failures involve materials other than the semiconductors, e.g., metallizations, insulation, and packaging materials. Nevertheless, it is fair to say that malfunction, failure, and reliability can be more intelligently confronted through some knowledge of device behavior and fabrication methods employed. For example, awareness of device current–voltage ...

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