The tail call optimization

Whenever a function call is made, an execution stack is created in the stack memory to store the variables of the function.

When a function call is made inside another function call, a new execution stack is created for the inner function call. But the problem is that the inner function execution stack takes up some extra memory, that is, it stores an extra address, representing where to resume the execution when this function finishes executing. Switching and creating the execution stacks also takes some additional CPU time. This problem is not noticeable when there are a couple or hundreds of nested levels of calls, but it's noticeable when there are thousands or more of the nested levels of calls, that is, the JavaScript ...

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