Chapter Summary
This chapter is a gentle introduction to the recent applications of quantum computation in public-key cryptography. These developments have both good and bad impacts for cryptologers. It is still a big question whether a quantum computer can ever be manufactured. So at present a study of quantum cryptology is mostly theoretical in nature.
Quantum mechanics is governed by a set of four axioms that define a system and prescribe the properties of a system. A quantum bit (qubit) is a quantum mechanical system that has two orthogonal states |0〉 and |1〉. A quantum register is a collection of qubits of a fixed size.
As an example of what we can gain by using quantum algorithms, we first describe the Deutsch algorithm that determines ...
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