Progress in Filtration and Separation

2. Electrophoretic and Electroosmotic Treatments

2.1. Electric Field-Induced Effects

According to standard model (Gouy, 1910; Stern, 1924; Lyklema, 1995) as the fine suspended particles possess a surface charge in aqueous medium, they are surrounded by a layer with a high density of opposite charges, the electric double layer. The existence of the particle's charge and the electric double layer give electrokinetic properties to the particle. When an electric field is applied across two electrodes in the suspension, it interacts with the surface charge of the solid phase and with the dissolved ions, inducing electrokinetic phenomena such as electrophoresis, electroosmosis and ion electromigration. As illustrated in Figure 1, the electromigration ...