NOTATION

The following standard notation will be used throughout the book.

images, images, images, images The integers, rational numbers, real numbers, and complex numbers
Re(z), Im(z) The real and imaginary parts of zimages
images The upper half plane {x + iyimages : y > 0}
imagesq The finite field with q elements
imagesp The ring of p-adic integers
images/nimages The ring of integers modulo n
[a] ∈ A/B The coset of aA in the quotient A/

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