Quartz crystals
The properties of a quartz crystal operating near to a frequency of resonance can be represented by an equivalent circuit consisting of an inductance (L1) a capacitance (C1) and a resistance (R1), shunted by second capacitance (Co). The elements L1, C1 and R1 have no physical existence and are introduced to provide an electrical model of a vibrating crystal plate. The commonly used simplified equivalent circuit is shown as Figure 1.
Figure 1
The L1, C1, R1 branch is known as the motional arm where L1 is a function of the vibrating mass, C1 represents the compliance and R1 represents the sum of the crystal losses. ...
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