The heart of your recording studio is the mixer. It’s a control center where you plug in all sorts of signals; mix or blend them; add effects, EQ, and stereo positioning; and route the signals to recorders and monitor speakers. A mixing console (also called a board or desk) is a large mixer with many controls.

A recorder-mixer combines a mixer and a multitrack recorder in a single portable chassis. This convenient unit is also called a mini studio, portable studio, or digital multitracker. Low-end recorder-mixers record 4 tracks, and high-end units record 8 to 32 tracks.

We’ll look at analog mixers, digital mixers, and software mixers. The first two types are hardware, but their concepts apply to a software ...

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