4 Modelling of transformers, static power plant and static load

4.1 General

In this chapter, we describe modelling techniques of various types of transformers, quadrature boosters (QBs), phase shifters (PSs), series and shunt reactors, series and shunt capacitors, static variable compensators and static power system load. Sequence, i.e. positive phase sequaence (PPS), negative phase sequence (NPS) and zero phase sequence (ZPS) models, as well as three-phase models suitable for analysis in the phase frame reference are presented. Sequence impedance measurement techniques of transformers, QBs and PSs are also described.

4.2 Sequence modelling of transformers

4.2.1 Background

The invention of the transformer machine towards the end of the nineteenth ...

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