6.2. Two Independent Sample Setting
An experiment involving two independent groups is one of the most elementary types of investigations in scientific research, yet is no less valuable than many other more complicated multifactor or multilevel experiments. Typically, subjects are randomly assigned to one of two groups, a treatment is applied, and a measurement is collected on all subjects in both groups. It is then usually the desire of the investigators to ascertain whether sufficient evidence exists to declare the two groups to be different. Although many are familiar enough with statistics to perform two sample comparisons, often, key assumptions are swept under the rug, as it were, and as a result, errors in inference sometimes occur.
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