9.2. Permuted Block Randomization
Permuted block randomization is commonly used in clinical trials to allocate subjects to the treatment arms in required ratios. It is well accepted in the clinical community, provides good balance in treatment assignments, and supports the needs of drug packaging and distribution.
9.2.1. Permuted Block Designs
The permuted block schedule consists of a sequence of blocks that contain the treatment assignments in desired ratios; the treatment assignments are randomly permuted within the blocks. Consider, for example, a study in which subjects are to be assigned to three treatments (Treatment 1, Treatment 2 and Treatment 3) using a 2:2:1 ratio. The smallest permuted block that provides the 2:2:1 treatment ratio ...
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