Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry: Theory and Practices

3

Solution

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Modes of Expressing Concentration of Solutions

3.3 Raoult’s Law

3.4 Ideal Solution

3.5 Colligative Properties of Dilute Solution

3.6 Lowering of Vapour Pressure

3.7 Elevation in Boiling Point

3.8 Depressing of Freezing Point

3.9 Osmotic Pressure

3.10 Abnormal Molecular Masses

Some of the liquids we drink are solutions of caffeine, sugar and so on in water. The coins we exchange are solid solutions of metals. We inhale a gaseous solution of a particular composition and exhale a solution of another composition. Solution chemistry is indeed very pervasive, and many interesting chemical processes are studied in the solution phase.   Almost all the chemical processes occuring in nature, whether ...