Conventions used in this book

this

denotes text that you enter literally.

this

means variable text, i.e., things you must fill in.

this†

means that if this is omitted, $_ will be used instead.

word

is a keyword, i.e., a word with a special meaning.

[. . . ]

denotes an optional part.

points to related documents, which can be viewed with a perldoc command.

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