CHAPTER 5

Technology

Competing by Connecting

What used to be cigarette breaks could turn into “social media breaks” as long as there is a clear signal and IT isn’t looking.

—David Armano, Senior Vice President, Edelman Digital

Consider how desktop computing defined the 1980s. The first personal computer, the MITS Altair 8080, shipped in 1975 and sold a few thousand units with very little fanfare. By 1980, the number of personal computers had grown to just under one million.1 But it was between 1980 and 1990 that the personal computer reached ubiquity, with the total number of PCs shipped hitting 100 million by the end of the decade.2

In the early 1990s, this ubiquity paved the way for a global system of interconnected computer networks using ...

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