Conclusion

The research that we have done on styles of leadership has reinforced our belief in the importance of leadership in building effective organizations and in the value of contingency approaches to its understanding. Influencing others in the pursuit of organizational goals by noncoercive means is too important and too complex to be explained by either situational or personal qualities alone. Matching of personal qualities and situational challenges is indispensable both to our understanding of the leadership process and to the development of viable technologies for helping organizations in the selection and development of effective leaders.

Our focus on participation is but a small part of the leadership terrain, but hopefully will serve ...

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