Name
SHUTDOWN
Synopsis
The SHUTDOWN command closes a database and stops an Oracle instance. Chapter 10 discusses this command. To use SHUTDOWN, you must be connected as SYSDBA, SYSOPER, or INTERNAL.
Syntax
SHUTDOWN [NORMAL | IMMEDIATE | TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL] | ABORT]
Parameters
- NORMAL
Causes a normal shutdown to take place. New users are blocked from connecting. The database remains open until all currently connected users voluntarily disconnect. When the last user disconnects, the database files are closed, the database is dismounted, and the instance is stopped.
- IMMEDIATE
Causes users to be summarily disconnected when their current SQL statement completes execution. Users not in the middle of executing a statement are disconnected immediately. As each remaining user's currently executing SQL statement completes, she is forcibly disconnected from the database. Any open transactions are rolled back, the database files are closed, the database is dismounted, and the instance is stopped.
- TRANSACTIONAL
A compromise between NORMAL and IMMEDIATE. Users are allowed to finish their current transactions. As each user completes his current transaction, he is forcibly disconnected. When the last user disconnects, the database is closed and dismounted, and the instance is stopped.
- [LOCAL]
A TRANSACTIONAL LOCAL shutdown waits only for local transactions to finish, and then aborts any distributed transactions in progress.
- ABORT
Is tantamount to pulling the plug on the server. All background processes ...
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