What Is the Catalog?
In many respects, RMAN can be thought of as an Oracle database file backup and restoration utility. RMAN must keep track of many things. When was the last backup taken? Which files were backed up? Which backup sets contain which database files? The answers to these questions can be found in the target control files. Optionally, RMAN can be configured to store this information in a separate database known as the catalog.
The catalog consists collectively of a database and a database schema. The schema objects hold the RMAN-specific information for each of your target databases.
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