Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Used for filenames, directory names, and URLs. It is also used for emphasis and for the first use of a technical term.

Constant width

Used for examples and to show the contents of files and the output of commands.

Constant width bold

Indicates user input in examples showing an interaction (e.g., a Listener session).

UPPERCASE

In syntax descriptions, usually indicates keywords.

lowercase

In syntax descriptions, usually indicates user-defined items such as variables.

[ ]

In syntax descriptions, square brackets enclose optional items.

{ }

In syntax descriptions, curly brackets enclose a set of items from which you must choose only one.

|

In syntax descriptions, a vertical bar separates the items enclosed in curly brackets, as in {ON | OFF | YES | NO | TRUE | FALSE}.

...

In syntax descriptions, ellipses indicate repeating elements. In addition, since repetition is rarely mandatory, the second occurrence of a syntax element is enclosed within square brackets. The following syntax, for example, indicates that you can have a comma-delimited list of naming methods:

                     naming_method [,naming_method...]

Given this syntax, any of the following would be acceptable:

TNSNAMES
TNSNAMES, ONAMES
TNSNAMES, ONAMES, HOSTNAME

Tip

Indicates a tip, suggestion, or general note. For example, we’ll tell you if a certain setting is version-specific.

Warning

Indicates a warning or caution. For example, we’ll tell you if a certain setting has some kind of negative impact on the system.

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