Shutting Down the Database
When you shut down the database, you can make operating system level (cold) offline backups of all physical structures. A shutdown allows static initialization parameters to take effect at the next startup.
To shut down the instance and its associated database, a user with SYSOPER or SYSDBA privilege uses the SHUTDOWN command with the following:
SHUTDOWN [NORMAL| TRANSACTIONAL |IMMEDIATE | ABORT]
NORMAL is the default if no option is specified.
SHUTDOWN NORMAL
During a SHUTDOWN NORMAL, the database buffer cache is written to the data files as the SHUTDOWN command forces a checkpoint, uncommitted changes are rolled back, and resources are rolled back. The database is in a consistent state when it is completely closed. ...
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