Summary
Communication between various localized networks is complex due to differences in digital signal hierarchies, encoding techniques, and multiplexing strategies. The SDH format allows different types of signal formats to be transmitted over the fiber-optic cable. The PDH includes all ITU TDM hierarchies including the E-carrier and T-carrier systems. STM-N refers to the electrical and optical SDH transmission characteristics of an Nth-level transmission link. The four SDH optical interface layers are the path, multiplex section (MS), regenerator section (RS), and the photonic layers. Path termination, multiplex section termination, and regenerator section termination occur at these various layers.
The STM-1 signal consists of the transport ...
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