15.1. Crashes

Part II is concerned with the execution of a single action by one process concurrently with and without interference from the execution of related actions by other processes. So far we have not considered that a system might crash at any time. In this chapter we consider this problem in relation to the execution of such a single concurrent action. In Part III higher-level actions comprising multiple lower-level actions are considered. Figure 15.1 shows an operation invocation. We are not concerned with the means by which the invocation takes place, for example, by procedure call or by message passing.

Figure 15.1. An operation invocation.

We also assume that the action of invoking the operation takes place in the same machine as ...

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