Odoo also supports tests described using YAML data files. Originally, all tests used YAML, and only later were unittest-based tests introduced. While both are supported, and many core addons still include YAML tests, the official documentation currently does not mention the YAML tests. The last documentation on it is available at https://doc.odoo.com/v6.0/contribute/15_guidelines/coding_guidelines_testing/.
Developers with a Python background will probably feel more at home with unittest, since it is a standard Python feature, while YAML tests are Odoo-specific. Clearly, the trend is to prefer unittest over YAML.