Introduction

Java, “born” in 1995, is now just about 20 years old. As with anything 20 years old, there is a good amount of history and variation between versions of Java. Over the years, the certification exams have changed to cover different topics. The names of the exams have even changed. This book covers the Java 8 Oracle Certified Associate (OCA) exam.

If you read about “the exam” on the Web, you may see information about the older names for the exam. We've showed the changes in name. Here's what happened. Sun Microsystems used to have two exams. The SCJP (Sun Certified Java Programmer) was meant for programmers and the SCJA (Sun Certified Java Associate) was meant for those who wanted broader knowledge. When Oracle bought Sun Microsystems, ...

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