S
scope

The context within which a variable can be accessed. A variable defined within a method may be referenced only within that method, whereas the scope of an instance variable is the entire class.

scope resolution operator

The operator ::, used in conjunction with the class name when referencing constants or static methods

shallow copy

A copy of an object that is not independent of the original. When copying aggregate objects, special care must be taken to avoid creating a shallow copy.

signature

A unique property of a function or method, consisting of the function or method name and the number and data type of its parameters; used loosely when applied to PHP. In strongly-typed languages, methods can have the same name as long as ...

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