Chapter 11. Ligatures

Ligatures are single typographic characters that are combinations of two or more characters. For instance, there are common ligatures for the “fi” and “f l” combination:

Can you see the problems in the example on the left? Can you see the solutions in the example on the right?

Ligatures are created either to solve a typographic problem, such as the hook of an “f” bumping into the dot of an “i,” or sometimes simply for an elegant look. Almost every Macintosh font contains at least the fi and fl ligature (see the following page), and you will find quite a range of ligatures in OpenType and expert sets. Fonts for Windows machines ...

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