Appendix A. IOStream Library
The C++ language does not include input and output operations. These are provided by a standard I/O library, commonly called the IOStream library. The ANSI C++ standard includes a specification for this standard I/O library. In this appendix, we examine the basics of the IOStream library. We'll discuss standard input and output, file input and output, “string” input and output, and manipulators that help control and format streams. All stream input and output is based on consistent behaviors, and learning one format easily carries over to the others.
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