PREFACE

Many wireless communications channels consist of multiple signal paths from the transmitter to receiver. This multiplicity of paths leads to a phenomenon known as multipath fading. The multiple paths are caused by the presence of objects in the physical environment that, through the mechanisms of propagation, alter the path of radiated energy. These objects are referred to as scatterers. In the past, researchers often looked at ways to mitigate multipath scattering, such as in diversity systems. Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) systems, on the other hand, use multipath diversity to their advantage; a MIMO system has the ability to translate increased spatial diversity into increased channel capacity. This promise of increased capacity has meant that, over the course of the past 10 years, MIMO technologies have become more widespread. MIMO has been accepted into numerous wireless standards, such as the IEEE 802.11n.

The capacity of a MIMO channel is highly dependent on the spatial structure of the channel. MIMO channel models are an important tool in understanding the potential gains of a MIMO system. This text presents the theory behind MIMO channel modeling in the context of linear system theory and probability. It discusses examples of two types of MIMO channel models in detail: correlative channel models and cluster models.

Channel models are validated using data measured from real-life channels. In this way, channel modeling and channel sounding are closely related. ...

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