Modeling and Simulation Support for System of Systems Engineering Applications

Chapter 9Building Analytical Support for Homeland Security

Sanjay Jain¹, Charles W. Hutchings², and Yung-Tsun Tina Lee²

¹ The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

² National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA

9.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter discusses modeling and simulation (M&S) as a significant means for providing analytical support for homeland security problem solving and decision making that involves what can be considered a complex and dynamic system of systems—the current, human, domestic environment considered from a national perspective. Homeland security, in general, aims to understand the domestic environment and mitigate risks from both natural and human threats and hazards. Homeland security analyses and decisions occur at multiple levels, from individuals, communities, and regions to national governments and even international organizations. Sufficient, available knowledge of the domestic environment and likely threats helps decision makers at multiple levels with mitigating risks or in responding to and recovering from adverse events that occur.

Most homeland security risks involve significant unknowns and varying levels of uncertainty. An example of a natural hazard is a large hurricane approaching a coastal city, which is likely to occur each hurricane season. Coastal regions in the United States affected by hurricanes prepare for them and have implemented approaches such as building codes and evacuation procedures to mitigate risks ...