Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power

Chapter 2Grid Code Requirements for Wind Power Integration

Qiuwei Wu

Centre for Electric Power and Energy, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

2.1 Introduction

With rapid growth of installed capacity, wind power will have a big impact on the electricity system steady state and its dynamic operation. In the past, wind power plants (WPPs) were allowed to be disconnected under system disturbances. However, with high penetration of wind power in electric power systems, the disconnection of WPPs will make it difficult for the system to withstand system disturbances. Therefore, transmission system operators (TSOs) around the world have specified requirements for WPPs under steady-state and dynamic conditions in their grid codes. WPPs must have voltage- and frequency-regulation capabilities under steady-state conditions. Under specified voltage dip conditions caused by the faults within the grid, WPPs have to stay connected and provide reactive power for the duration of the voltage dip, and to fulfill recovery requirements.

An analysis of large-scale integration of wind power in Europe has been carried out [1], with reference to power and energy balancing, grid connection and system stability, grid infrastructure extension and reinforcement, power system adequacy, market design, demand-side management and storage. Recommendations were made for power system operation when there is a large amount of wind power. The main problems with connecting wind ...