The Lock Manager
The responsibility for ensuring lock conflict resolution between user processes falls on the SQL Server Lock Manager. SQL Server automatically assigns locks to processes to guarantee that the current user of a resource (a data page, index page, table, index, database, and so on) has a consistent view of that resource from beginning to end of a particular operation. In other words, what you start with will be what you work with throughout your operation. Nobody can change what you are working on in mid-state, thereby ensuring the consistency of your transaction.
The Lock Manager is responsible for deciding the appropriate lock type (shared, exclusive, update, and so on) and the appropriate granularity of locks (row, page, table, ...
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