11.12. Standard Input Test Signals

The standard input test signals used for the analysis and design of control systems are tabulated in the Table 11.1 with their mathematical representations, Laplace Transform form and graphical representation.

Table 11.1. Standard Input Test Signals for Control Systems
Name of the SignalMathematical ExpressionLaplace Transform FormGraphical Representation
Step signalr(t)= 0; t < 0R(s) = A/s

  = A; t > 0 
Ramp signalr(t)= 0; t < 0R(s) = A/s2

  = At; t > 0 
Parabolic signalr(t)= 0; t < 0R(s) = A/s3

  = At2/2; ...

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