Chapter 12
1 LAGRANGE, Joseph-Louis (1736–1813) great French analyst, algebraist, number theorist, probabilist, physicist, and astronomer, contributed especially to the calculas of variations, analytic mechanics and astronomer.
2 CLAIRAUT, Alexis Claude (1713–1765), was a French analyst, differential geometer and astronomer.
3 Euler, Leonhard (1707–1783), was a gifted Swiss mathematician and the most prolific mathematician, who contibuted to almost all branches of mathematics even after becoming totally blind in 1771. He studied under John Bernoulli and became a professor of mathematics at St. Petersburg, Russia. He is the first modern mathematical universalist.
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