Region and Pane support the whole range of styles and effects. They are used as a basis for almost all JavaFX UI components.
The only difference between them is an access level to their children's list.
Pane gives the public access to the getChildren() method. So, it's used as an ancestor to layout managers and controls which API allows the manipulating of children.
Region, on the other hand, doesn't allow changing its children list. getChildren() is a private method, so the only way to access them is Region.getChildrenUnmodifiable(), which doesn't allow you to change the list. This approach is used when a component is not meant to have new children. For example, all Controls and Charts extend Region.
