First, the network plane is discussed. A key function of the network plane is transaction propagation. It has been identified in the aforementioned paper that in Bitcoin, this plane underutilizes the network bandwidth due to the way transaction validation is performed by a node before propagation and duplication of transaction propagation, first in the transaction broadcast phase, and then after mining in a block.
It should be noted that this issue was addressed by BIP 152 (Compact Block Relay, https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0152.mediawiki).
