Various supporting protocols are available to assist the complete decentralized ecosystem. This includes Whisper and Swarm protocols. In addition to the contracts layer, which is the core blockchain layer, there are additional layers that need to be decentralized in order to achieve a complete decentralized ecosystem. This includes decentralized storage and decentralized messaging.
Whisper, which is being developed for Ethereum, is a decentralized messaging protocol, whereas Swarm is a decentralized storage protocol. Both of these technologies provide the basis for a fully decentralized web. Both the technologies are described in the following sections.
