This is a scalable blockchain database. It is not strictly a blockchain itself but complements blockchain technology by providing a decentralized database. At its core it's a distributed database but with the added attributes of a blockchain such as decentralization, immutability, and handling of digital assets. It also allows usage of NoSQL for querying the database.
It is intended to provide a database in a decentralized ecosystem where not only processing is decentralized (blockchain) or the filesystem is decentralized (for example, IPFS) but the database is also decentralized. This makes the whole application ecosystem decentralized.