In this proposal, the size of the block is increased but not set to a hard limit. Instead, miners come to a consensus on the block size cap over a period of time. Other concepts such as parallel validation and extreme thin blocks have also been proposed in Bitcoin Unlimited.
Extreme thin blocks allow for a faster block propagation between Bitcoin nodes. In this scheme the node requesting blocks sends a getdata request along with a bloom filter to another node. Purpose of this bloom filter is to filter out the transactions that already exists in the mempool (short for memory pool) of the requesting node. The node then sends back a thin block only containing ...