PART I
Horizontal Integration in Mass Customization
“In any moment of decision, the best thing you can do is the right thing. The worst thing you can do is nothing.”
—Theodore Roosevelt
By horizontal integration I mean the integration of machinery so that parts and components are automatically passed from machine to machine and the machines know either from the manufacturing execution system or from the part itself what they have to do with those parts or components.
Mass customization, smart factory, and Industry 4.0 all mean similar things: essentially the increased use of information and communications technology (ICT) in the manufacturing process. In this scenario, only the factory is smart, not the products or parts themselves. The term ...
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