Manufacturing Technology: Theory and Problems, Second Edition

CHAPTER 13

Forming Processes

• Forming processes are used to shape a material into useful products. The material is permanently deformed during such processes.
• Forming processes are performed in cold or hot state.
• Cold working processes are performed below the recrystallization temperature of a metal, preferably at room temperature.
• Hot working processes are performed above the recrystallization temperature of a metal.
• The recrystallization temperature of a metal is approximately one-half of its melting temperature on absolute scale.
• During hot working, grain structure of a metal is refined and lower energy and less deformation forces are required.
• During cold working, grains are distorted and greater deformation forces and higher energy are ...