Managing Research, Development, and Innovation: Managing the Unmanageable, Third Edition

14.6. SUMMARY

Modern technological innovation is best understood as an open, decentralized global network of organizations. In the United States, companies, government, and universities fund and perform different types of research. Industry dominates in total R&D funded and performed, as well as applied research and development funded and performed. The federal government dominates in funding basic research, and also in funding development related to the military. Universities dominate in the performance of basic research. The major players in the network share a common emphasis on ensuring that science and technology benefits social and/or economic well-being, and increasingly the latter. Formal and informal mechanisms for transferring technology ...