10.3. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AND THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Performance appraisal needs to be linked to the managerial activities and the management system. Cunningham (1979, p. 657) has categorized the management system into two distinct areas: The process of management includes activities such as planning, organizing, controlling, budgeting, and staffing, and the key orientation of these processes focuses on integrating (work activities), making decisions, recording information, motivating, and negotiating. The function of management includes procurement, production, adaptation, and so on. The orientations of these functions are adaptability, productivity, efficiency, and bargaining.
The managerial processes are concerned with the administration ...
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