Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "The most direct way to install a package is via the install.packages() function."

A block of code is set as follows:

subject_name,temperature,flu_status,gender,blood_type
John Doe,       98.1,      FALSE,    MALE,      O
Jane Doe,       98.6,      FALSE,    FEMALE,    AB
Steve Graves,   101.4,     TRUE,     MALE,      A

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

> summary(wbcd_z$area_mean)
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
-1.4530 ...

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