Name
chmod
Synopsis
chmod [option
]mode files
Changes the
access
mode
of one or more
files
. Only the owner of a file or a
privileged user may change its mode. Create
mode
by concatenating the characters from
who
, opcode
, and
permission
. who
is optional (if
omitted, default is a
); choose only one
opcode
.
Options
-
-f
Suppress error message upon failure to change a file’s mode.
-
-h
Change the permissions of the link, rather than the referent.
-
-H
If any of the pathnames given in the command line are symbolic links, follow only those links during recursive operation. Works only with the
-R
option.-
-L
Follow all symbolic links during recursive operation. Works only with the
-R
option.-
-P
Follow no symbolic links during recursive operation. Works only with the
-R
option (the default).-
-R
Recursively descend directory arguments while setting modes.
-
-v
Verbose output, showing files as they are changed. If
-v
appears more than once, the old and new permissions are shown as well.
Who
-
u
User
-
g
Group
-
o
Other
-
a
All (default)
Opcode
-
+
Add permission
-
-
Remove permission
-
=
Assign permission (and remove permission of the unspecified fields)
Permission
-
r
Read
-
w
Write
-
x
Execute (file) or search (directory)
-
X
Set the execute bit for all who values if any of the execute bits are already set in the specified file; meaningful only in conjunction with the op symbol
+
-
s
Set user (or group) ID
-
t
Sticky bit; save text mode (file) or prevent removal of files by nonowners (directory)
-
u
User’s present permission
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