Name
chmod
Synopsis
chmod [option
]mode
files
Changes the
access
mode of one or more files.
Only the owner of a file or a privileged user may change its mode.
Create mode by concatenating the characters from
who, opcode, and
permission. who is optional
(if omitted, default is a
); choose only one
opcode.
Options
-
-f
Suppress error message upon failure to change a file’s mode.
-
-H
If any of the pathnames given in the command line are symbolic links, follow only those links during recursive operation. Works only with the
-R
option.-
-L
Follow all symbolic links during recursive operation. Works only with the
-R
option.-
-P
Follow no symbolic links during recursive operation. Works only with the
-R
option (the default).-
-R
Recursively descend directory arguments while setting modes.
Who
-
u
User
-
g
Group
-
o
Other
-
a
All (default)
Opcode
-
+
Add permission
-
-
Remove permission
-
=
Assign permission (and remove permission of the unspecified fields)
Permission
-
r
Read
-
w
Write
-
x
Execute (file) or search (directory)
-
X
Sets the execute bit for all who values if any of the execute bits are already set in the specified file; meaningful only in conjunction with the op symbol +
-
s
Set user (or group) ID
-
t
Sticky bit; save text mode (file) or prevent removal of files by nonowners (directory)
-
u
User’s present permission
-
g
Group’s present permission
-
o
Other’s present permission
Alternatively, specify permissions by a 3-digit sequence. The first digit designates owner permission; the second, group permission; ...
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