Conventions Used in This Book
The following typographical conventions are used in this book:
- Italic
Used to indicate new terms, URLs, filenames, file extensions, directories, commands and options, Unix utilities, and to highlight comments in examples. For example, a path in the filesystem will appear in the text as /Applications/Utilities.
-
Constant width Used to show functions, variables, keys, attributes, the contents of files, or the output from commands.
- Constant width bold
Used in examples and tables to show commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.
-
Constant width italic Used in examples and tables to show text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.
- Menus/Navigation
Menus and their options are referred to in the text as File → Open, Edit → Copy, etc. Arrows will also be used to signify a navigation path when using window options; for example: System Preferences → Accounts → Users means that you would launch System Preferences, click the icon for the Accounts control panel, and select the Users pane within that panel.
- Pathnames
Pathnames are used to show the location of a file or application in the filesystem. Directories (or folders for Mac and Windows users) are separated by a forward slash. For example, if you see something like, “...launch the Terminal application (/Applications/Utilities)” in the text, that means the Terminal application can be found in the Utilities subfolder of the Application folder.
-
%,# The percent sign (
%) is used in some examples to show the user prompt for the tcsh shell; the hash mark (#) is the prompt for the root user.
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