Learning What’s Happening on Your System

A few Unix commands can provide you with answers to questions about your system: “Who is logged in?” “What are they doing?” “What jobs are taking up all my CPU cycles?” “How long has my system been up?”

  • uptime tells you how long it has been since you last restarted and what your workload is.

  • who tells you who is logged in to your system, where they’re logged in from, and when they logged in.

  • w tells you who is online and what they are doing.

  • last tells you who has logged into your computer.

  • ps and top tell you what jobs are running on your computer.

This section explains how to use each of these commands and shows simulated output so you know what you might expect to learn.

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