Home Directories

Users’ personal files are often found in /home (for ordinary users) or /root (for the superuser). Your home directory is typically /home/your-username: /home/smith, /home/jones, etc. There are several ways to locate or refer to your home directory.

cd

With no arguments, the cd command returns you (i.e., sets the shell’s working directory) to your home directory.

HOME variable

The environment variable HOME (see Shell variables) contains the name of your home directory.

$ echo $HOME     The echo command prints its arguments
/home/smith
˜

When used in place of a directory, a lone tilde is expanded by the shell to the name of your home directory.

$ echo ˜
/home/smith

When followed by a username (as in ~fred), the shell expands this string to be the user’s home directory:

$ cd ˜fred
$ pwd            The “print working directory” command
/home/fred

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