Name
tail
Synopsis
tail [options
] [files
]
Print the last 10 lines of each named file (or standard input if - is specified) on standard output. If more than one file is specified, the output includes a header at the beginning of each file:
= =>filename
<= =
Options
- -n[k]
Begin printing at nth item from end-of-file. k specifies the item to count: l (lines, the default), b (blocks), or c (characters).
- -k
Same as -n, but use the default count of 10.
- +n[k]
Like -n, but start at nth item from beginning of file.
- +k
Like -k, but count from beginning of file.
- -c num {bkm}, --bytes num {bkm}
Print last num bytes. An alternate blocksize may be specified:
- b
512 bytes
- k
1 kilobyte
- m
1 megabyte
- -f, --follow[=name|descriptor]
Don’t quit at the end of file; “follow” file as it grows and end when the user presses Ctrl-c. Following by file descriptor is the default, so -f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are equivalent. Use --follow=name to track the actual name of a file even if the file is renamed, as with a rotated log file.
- -F
Identical to --follow=name --retry.
- --help
Print a help message and exit.
- -n num, --lines= num
Print the last num lines.
- --max-unchanged-stats= num
Used with --follow=name to reopen a file whose size hasn’t changed after num iterations (default 5), to see if it has been unlinked or renamed (as with rotated log files).
- --pid= pid
Used with -f to end when process ID pid dies.
- -q, --quiet, --silent
Suppress filename headers.
- --retry
With -f, keep trying to open a file even if it isn’t ...
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