FOUR APPROACHES

The wakeful aspect of leading is initially difficult to understand but is easy to apply once mastered. The awakened leader first decides whether to take a task and or a relationship orientation to the issue at hand (that is, he or she chooses between the two main areas of leading) and then determines which of four approaches to leadership— laissez-faire, empathetic, autocratic, or democratic (which together form the acronym LEAD)—will work best.

The laissez-faire approach works best in organizations that have a strong sense of self-direction—such as law firms, consultancies, and hightech companies—and in which every worker is highly skilled and manages his or her own circle of clients.

The empathetic approach works best in organizations ...

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